Holocaust survivor Ayana Touval was just a toddler when Nazi Germany and its allies invaded Yugoslavia in April 1941. Soon ...

This program is free and open to the public, but reservations are required. For more information, please contact the Museum’s Midwest Regional Office at 312.856.4592 or midwest@ushmm.org.

Irene Weiss was born Perl Ruchel Fogel on November 21, 1930, in Bótrágy, Czechoslovakia (now Batrad’, Ukraine) to Meyer and Leah Fogel. Meyer owned a lumber yard, and Leah managed their home and cared ...

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CHAIM ENGEL: What I would like to add only is that Hitler didn’t start to be big in one day. It started very small, and things can grow and be bigger, so never, never ignore when you see some bigotry ...

KURT THOMAS: [. . .] the following happened: at 4 o’clock, Untersturmführer Niemann had an appointment to fit a suit. Exactly 4 o’clock. And as I explained before, he came on a horse. The horse’s name ...

Among Johann Niemann’s possessions was a small photo album documenting a visit to Berlin in summer 1943 by killing center personnel. The trip was a reward from the T4 (“euthanasia” program for the ...

These photographs show that the Sobibor killing center was not entirely shrouded in secrecy. Guests were welcomed there, and local people came in to work and even socialize with the SS staff. In their ...

Johann Niemann carefully curated the photographs he collected from his time as a high-level officer at the Sobibor killing center. The few prisoners who appear are reduced to anonymous background ...

“Once you entered Camp number 3, you never got out.” Camp III included the gas chambers, mass graves, and—starting soon after Niemann’s transfer to Sobibor in late summer 1942—a cremation site for the ...

INTERVIEWER: Tell me, was there a deception of the people in the transports. Were they given receipts? I mean, was there a deception so they didn't know where they were going? CHAIM ENGEL: Yeah. Well, ...