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Various types of loads and forces act on a retaining wall, and their calculation is essential for its design. These forces on the retaining wall depends on multiple factors which are discussed. Loads ...

In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit of creating a more ...

Formwork (shuttering) in concrete construction is used as a mold for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently. Types of concrete formwork construction depends on ...

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It provides a low-cost alternate solution to crushing natural raw materials. Crushed concrete aggregate makes projects sustainable Concrete produced with crushed concrete aggregate has smaller carbon ...

When sealants at expansion joints and between brick masonry wall and other elements such as door frames and windows are damaged, then water would easily penetrates the wall though these areas in which ...

The outline lines are employed in the architectural drawings to define the outline as well as the characteristic features of the plan components of the architecture. This method of presentation varies ...

Earthen roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper than all types of roads. This type of road is provided for fewer traffic areas or countryside areas. A good drainage system should be provided, which ...

There are different types of windows used in building construction to provide ventilation, and view. The selection of windows depends on many criteria. A window is a vented barrier provided in a wall ...

The slenderness ratio of a reinforced concrete (RC) column is the ratio between the length of the column, its lateral dimensions, and end fixity. It assesses the ability of the reinforced concrete ...

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