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本研究针对高维协方差矩阵估计中均值未知的关键问题，系统研究了Ledoit-Wolf线性收缩估计器的扩展应用。研究人员通过建立四种平移不变估计量，证明了在Kolmogorov渐近条件下保持收敛特性，并提出新估计量LW_u在实验中获得最优表现。该研究为金融统计和机器学习中的协方差估计提供了重要理论 ...