FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; In Our Constituent Assembly, ...

Individualization of sentencing means customizing the punishment based on the individual offender's characteristics, circumstances, and background, rather than applying the same punishment uniformly ...

Special laws in India refer to statutes enacted to address specific types of offences or situations not fully covered by the Indian Penal Code (IPC). These laws often prescribe their own sentencing ...

Maharashtra’s law keeps an eye on repeat offenders, can restrict their movement, send them for reform, and gives extra punishment if they break rules or are caught acting suspiciously.

Committees like the Malimath and Madhav Menon Committees have recommended statutory frameworks for sentencing. Adoption of alternative sanctions and a victim-centric approach are suggested to improve ...

The Fundamental Rights in India are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution, covering Articles 12 to 35. These rights are considered essential for the development of every individual and for ...

Article 37: It states that the Directive Principles are non-justiciable. Nevertheless, Article 37 itself says that these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the ...

International Norms: The Declaration has influenced international treaties, regional charters (like the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights), and global conferences, including the Vienna ...