This article explores the intriguing history and development of SEM, its fundamental principles, and the diverse applications it offers across a myriad of scientific disciplines. The fascinating ...

STEM is capable of producing images with spatial resolution down to the atomic level, thanks to the fine electron probe it utilizes. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and Transmission ...

The scanning electron microscope is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a high-energy beam of electrons. The SEM is significantly more powerful than ...

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is an experimental technique based on the principles of quantum tunneling of electrons between two electrodes ... the matrix element |M|² can be written as: where m ...